Wednesday, January 29, 2020

1776 by David McCullough Essay Example for Free

1776 by David McCullough Essay Revered historian David McCullough covers the martial side of the historic year of 1776 with trait insight and an enthralling description, appending new research and an innovative standpoint to the foundation of the American Revolution. It was a tumultuous and bewildering time. As British and American officials fought to make a negotiation, incidents on the ground escalated until war was unavoidable. McCullough writes gaudily about the depressing conditions that herds on both sides had to bear, embracing a bizarrely ruthless winter, and the job that luck and the quirks of the climate played in assisting the regal forces hold off the worlds supreme militia. He also successfully discovers the magnitude of enthusiasm and troop self-confidence a knot was the same as a triumph to the Americans, while anything other than crushing victory was off-putting to the British, who projected a quick finish to the combat The redcoat withdraw from Boston, for instance, was principally mortifying for the British, whereas the negligible American win at Trenton was overstated regardless of its partial strategic importance. In his latest book, 1776, David McCullough wields on this significant year the narrative gifts he is expressed in such fascinating accounts as The Great Bridge plus The Path between the Seas. As a olden times of the American Revolution, it is an improbably abridged volume: critical developments leading to the insurrection like the Stamp Act, which occur to fall external the boundaries of Mr. McCulloughs strict time outline, are not observed, and succeeding episodes of the war (which would keep on after the Trenton-Princeton crusade for an added half-dozen traumatic years) are overlooked as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Quantities of the strongest courses in 1776 are the illuminating and well-formed descriptions of the Georges on either sides of the Atlantic. King George III, so often represented as a shambling, haughty fool, is given an additional attentive treatment by McCullough, who reveals that the king deemed the settlers to be ill-tempered subjects without valid gripes an outlook that led him to underrate the will and aptitudes of the Americans. Now and then he seems dazed that war was even obligatory. The great Washington meets his substantial status in these pages, and McCullough hinges on private association to balance the man and the fable, disclosing how severely concerned Washington was about the Americans chances for success, regardless of his public sanguinity. Perhaps more than any other man, he recognized how providential they were to simply carry on the year, and he gladly places the responsibility for their fortuity in the hands of God in lieu of his own. Enchanting and terrifically written, 1776 is the work of a skilled historian.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1776 is least valuable, nevertheless, at conveying the interior of most war narratives: combat. The initial, and best, hundred pages focus on the cordon of Boston, an overwrought but almost bloodless issue. When the action transfers to New York, the narrative sagged. McCullough writes with great lucidity regarding the composite tactics between Manhattan, Long Island and Westchester County in the summer and fall of 1776. But when battle blasts, the action turns out to be hindered in stock images. 1776 is even so an emotive and sensible work, reminding us that its armed forces rather than tavern nationalists and turbulent politicians who have constantly paid the price of American optimism and determined its victories. Works Cited McCullough, David, (May 24, 2005), 1776, Simon Schuster ISBN: 0743226712.

Monday, January 20, 2020

The Evolution of Human Skin Color Essay -- Human Evolution, 2015

According to Darwin and his theory on evolution, organisms are presented with nature’s challenge of environmental change. Those that possess the characteristics of adapting to such challenges are successful in leaving their genes behind and ensuring that their lineage will continue. It is natural selection, where nature can perform tiny to mass sporadic experiments on its organisms, and the results can be interesting from extinction to significant changes within a species. Human beings are no exception to biological evolution. Like other organisms around the world, humans have significantly changed overtime and have developed all sorts of diverse characteristics. One noticeable characteristic of human beings is the variation of skin color. Skin color has been used to identify, classify, and verify the variation that exists in the human population around the world. How did such a distinct variation arise and how did it play into adaptation? I’ve often heard that â€Å"humans came from monkeys,† or something similar. It is true that humans’ ancestors were primates, who first resided in warm and sunny Africa; they had similar features to today’s apes, such as a hairy body. The purpose of the vast amount of hair was to protect the body from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays and to prevent overheating, mainly by acting as a barrier for the skin underneath the hair (Jablonski, 598). Some parts of the body such as palms were not covered with hair, but with sweat glands. Sweat glands allowed the body to cool off via evaporation at the surface of the skin; sweat glands were more efficient at thermoregulation. Overtime, early humans with a high amount of sweat glands were selected for since they had the best method at the time to keep themselves cool in warm environments (Kirchweger). This meant that overtime, humans lost most of their hair on their bodies, leaving their skin exposed. Sweat gland s were going to help the body to cool down, but they couldn’t protect the skin from harmful UV rays. This is where melanin worked its magic, and it’s the reason for the diversity in skin color today. Melanin helps reduce the absorption of wavelengths into the skin (Chaplin, Jablonski, 59). The more melanin in the skin, the greater the protection against harmful UV rays, and the amount of melanin in the skin correlates with the skin’s color (more melanin means darker skin).... ...m all over the world, with all hues of skin colors. With interracial dating and marriages and more â€Å"mixing† of skin colors, there are multiracial children with various skin colors. Genetically, it enhances variation within the individual, but what about variation within the species? I heard a joke once that eventually in the future, everyone will be beige. Will everyone mix together to an extent that there will be little to no variation anymore, at least skin deep? It’s an interesting concept to think of. At the moment, I believe that there is enough diversity within the human species that we don’t need to worry about the lack of variation in the near future. For now, we can appreciate the diversity of skin colors that has allowed our ancestors to adapt to their environments and survive. It has allowed them to create a lineage of who we are today. Works Cited: 1) Chaplin, G. Jablonski, N. â€Å"The Evolution of Human Skin Coloration.† Journal of Human Evolution 39 (2000) 57-106 2) Jablonski N. â€Å"The Evolution of Human Skin and Skin Color† Annual Reviews Anthropology 33 (2004) 585-623 3) Kirchweger G. â€Å"The Biology of†¦ Skin Color† Discover 22 (2001)

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Subjection of Women towards Men

The eighteenth century novels, Fanny Hill a Woman of Pleasure by John Cleveland, The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole, and Mary the Wrongs of a Woman by Wollstonecraft are episodes of women being subject to men. Though women were treated as a subject, history has shown that in every great man – beside him is a woman. In the work written by Cleveland during the time he was imprisoned was critiqued that the book can be questioned by its substance since it is written by a man.However, it is a story wherein the main character admitted that her sexual faculty is both her â€Å"point of pleasure and pride (Cleveland, 1749). â€Å" Though the girl in the story finds herself unworthy for the man she loves she also questioned the worthiness of Mr. H especially when she witnessed how her maid was raped and how he bribed the girl with his money. Being a prostitute she was able to compare who is more rotten, if it was the one who sells sex or the one who buys it.Despite of the appare nt loss of virtue in chastity of the main character in the story, in her heart she would want to do the sex act with the person she loves despite of her complex understanding between love and desire. The story reveals about how innocence and struggle for survival can lead a young woman astray and be treated not more than a merchandize. The story also gave a lot of examples on how a woman’s submission are often abused and how her femininity are being obscured by wanton people, treating women as if they were not borne of a woman.The Gothic story of Otranto depicts how a statute in authority is clouded by ardent desire for women. The story gave a contrast between the desire for Isabella and the love for Matilda. Though the story treated those dainty ladies with outward refinement, it vividly portrays the subjectivism on the female gender towards chauvinism of some authoritarian men. The story classified that male children are more important than the girls and they are just reare d to become mothers of the next lineage.Women’s role was obscurely assigned to child bearing alone and the caring for their husbands. Beyond their dignified looks they are treated only as possession subjected to men. Manfred’s because of his power forget the fact that his dignity lies on how he takes care of his body or on how well he treated his wife. This 18th century novel though fictitiously written is able to accomplish how the arrogance of men in high stature can actually put man in digression if the women’s role is given a limited view as only a helper than a partner.Horace Walpole the 4th Earl of Orford significantly opened his reader’s awareness on the equal dignity of men and women and how the female gender in his time was subjected by its male counterpart. In Mary the Wrongs of a Woman is a book authored by a pregnant woman in an asylum a place in which in those days where marginalized women were kept by their society. The novel was considered by feminist as a biographical sketch rather than an unfinished fiction story. It was published by the author’s husband and regarded as a work to vindicate the rights of women.The Author stated the following â€Å"Addressing these memoirs to you, my child, uncertain whether I shall ever have the opportunity of instructing you, many observations will probably flow from my heart, which only a mother- a mother schooled in misery, could make (Matthews, 2001)† will deeply move a reader to sympathize with the author in her profound words who is very much in pain upon realizing that she may never have the chance to care for her child. The story about Maria tells about the experiences of a woman when they are wronged by their husbands.These women too are denied with their dignity on motherhood, a sad fact which since in the beginning was the reason why broken homes became in fashion. This means that citizens who are not raised by a motherly care and attention are possibly to be come persons who are withdrawn and lack compassion. This eventually leads to a society that is less humane and uncaring. Because of the subjectivism of women towards men, her self giving was abused in many ways and her assertiveness misconstrued as rebelliousness and feminism.Women are required to give her complete self because that is the dignity of her calling but that self giving is often not granted the love that is due to a woman. Rather, she is abused and is treated like a personal property and not as an equal partner. The British novels described the female gender both as strong women and weak women of which society of today still seeks her true meaning of femininity as a gift to the world. The fact that she is given her femininity her woman’s dignity is found in the order of love meaning she is the one to receive love in order give to love in return.Woman’s dignity is measured by her giving love to others but it can only be witnessed if she also receives it, fo r who can give something which she or he does not have? Men and children who are not capable knowing what genuine love is are those who lack the experience of being touched by the warmth of a mother’s love and if there is a cold woman out there it could be a reason that she was not given the love she deserved. Weak women are borne by societies who have disregarded their dignity and reduced their personhood as second citizens of this world.However, women are born strong because through motherhood a human being is entrusted to her care always and everywhere even in situations of social discrimination where she may find herself. She is also referred in (Proverbs 31:10) the perfect woman because her irreplaceable support for other people are owned much by their families and by the whole nations. . The three novels are characterized by different women during the 18th century, Fanny Hill a rural girl, Matilda and Isabella who belongs to noble blood, and Maria who is a woman of inte llect.They have all the qualities to be called perfect women but also have their weaknesses or soft spots which are an essence of their own femininity. Work Cited Cleveland, J. (1749). A Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure. Retrieved 14 April 2008, from http://books. google. com/books? id=cj5Za3JXXxkC Matthews, S. L. (2001). Mary Wollstonecraft and Mary Shelley: Writing. Retrieved 14 April 2008, from http://books. google. com/books? id=zeiXNBvquncC&dq=Mary+the+wrongs+of+a+woman&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0

Saturday, January 4, 2020

The Big Three , Socrates, Plato, And Aristotle

When asked what famous Hellene philosophers they are aware of, most laymen would respond with the ‘Big Three’; Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. However, the Hellenic philosophical tradition was immensely rich beyond these three figures, with many other strains of philosophical thought emerging and withering throughout Ancient Greek history. One notable example of such a strain is the Stoics, a breed of philosophical thinking which was so strongly in favour of controlling one’s emotions, that the English adjective ‘stoical’ itself is derived from ‘stoa’, the painted portico from which Zeno of Citium gave lectures. To understand why the Stoics had such a negative view of emotions (or passions) one must understand their view of the soul and†¦show more content†¦Ergo it is an act inappropriate. The passions are described in detail by the Stoics. There are four major passions; appetite and fear, pleasure and distress. Each passion is associated with a different movement of the soul. Appetite is an irrational stretching, the pursuit of an expected ‘good’ where fear is an irrational shrinking, the avoidance of an expected danger, for example. The key linking factor between them is that appetite and fear are irrational expectations and act as precedent to the other two passions, which are present irrational judgements. For example, with our food example, a stretching of the soul, a surge of appetite, occurs but to a point of excess and so one experiences the emotion of gluttony, a craving for food without control. This overrides our reason and so we are motivated to eat to excess and in the present, feel pleasure in the form of satisfaction, an irrational swelling of the soul. In this way, Stoics believe passion to be the source of all unhappiness and wrong-doing, for passions override our good reason and deter us from virtuous action. To act in a reasonable manner would be to abide by one’s impulses but in a manner restrained by rationality, to avoid strong sources of the passions (perhaps avoiding fast food restaurants to expand upon our food example), to act with reserve. In this way, the aims of theShow MoreRelatedThe Three Important Philosophers: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle836 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant greek philosophers. They all said something that is still known today. Some of these ideas are still accepted today as true. Three of these important philosophers are Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. They have all said something that is still accepted in modern society. Socrates was a greek philosopher that lived from four-hundred-sixty-nine BCE to three-hundred-ninety-nine BCE. He is one of the most influential Greek philosophers. 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